Saturday, 1 July 2017
Top 30 Windows Server interview Questions and Answers
1. Explain what is Windows Server?
Window server is a series of server operating system developed by Microsoft Corporation.
2. When do we use WDS?
A: Windows Deployment Services is a server role used to deploy Windows operating systems remotely. WDS is mainly used for network-based OS installations to set up new computers.
3. What is DNS and which port number is used by DNS?
A: The Domain Name System (DNS) is used to resolve human-readable hostnames like www.intenseschool.com into machine-readable IP addresses like 69.143.201.22.
DNS servers use UDP port 53 but DNS queries can also use TCP port 53 if the former is not accepted.
4. Explain in windows DNS server what is Primary, Secondary and Stub zone?
In windows DNS server,
· Primary Zone: In this, the file is saved as normal text file with filename (.dns).
· Secondary Zone: It maintains a read-only copy of zone database on another DNS server. Also, it acts as a back-up server to the primary server by providing fault tolerance and load balancing
· Stub Zone: It consists of a copy of name server and SOA records which is used for reducing the DNS search orders.
5. If MSI file is not available, how you can install an app?
To add the application using the Software Installer.ZAP text file can be used rather than the windows installer
6. Explain how you can set up remote installation procedure without giving access to user?
To do that, you have to go to,
gponameà User Configuration à Windows Settings à Remote Installation Services à Choice Options
7. What does it mean by “tattooing” the Registry ?
Tattooing the registry means user can modify and view user preference that are not stored in the maintained portions of the Registry.
Even if the group policy is changed or removed, the user preference will still persist in the registry.
8. Mention how many types of queries DNS does?
The types of queries DNS does are
· Recursive Query
· Iterative Query
9. What are main Email Servers and which are their ports?
A: Email servers can be of two types:
Incoming Mail Server (POP3, IMAP, HTTP)
Incoming mail server is the server associated with an email address account. There cannot be more than one incoming mail server for an email account.
In order to download your emails, you must have the correct settings configured in your email client program.
Outgoing Mail Server (SMTP)
Most outgoing mail servers use SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) for sending emails. The outgoing mail server can belong to your ISP or to the server where you setup your email account.
The main email ports are:
· IMAP – port 143
· SMTP – port 25
· HTTP – port 80
· POP3 – port 110
· Secure IMAP (IMAP4-SSL) – port 585
· IMAP4 over SSL (IMAPS) – port 993
· Secure POP3 (SSL-POP) – port 995
· Secure SMTP (SSMTP) – port 465
10. What do Forests, Trees, and Domains mean?
A: Forests, trees, and domains are the logical divisions in an Active Directory network.
A domain is defined as a logical group of network objects (users, computers, devices) that share the same active directory database.
A tree is a collection of one or more domains and domain trees in a contiguous namespace linked in a transitive trust hierarchy.
A forest is a collection of trees that share a common global catalog, directory schema, logical structure, and directory configuration.
forest represents the security boundary within which users, computers, groups, and other objects are accessible.
11. Why do we use DHCP?
A: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol assigns dynamic IP addresses to network devices allowing them to have a different IP address each time they are connected to the network.
12. What are Lingering Objects?
A: A lingering object is a deleted AD object that still remains on the restored domain controller in its local copy of Active Directory. They can occur when changes are made to directories after system backups are created.
13. How can we remove Lingering Objects?
A: Windows Server 2003 and 2008 have the ability to manually remove lingering objects using the console utility command REPADMIN.EXE.
14. Why should you not restore a DC that was backed up 6 months ago?
A: When restoring a backup file, Active Directory generally requires that the backup file be no more than 180 days old. If you attempt to restore a backup that is expired, you may face problems due to lingering objects.
15. Explain what is the primary function of the domain controller?
Primary function of the domain controller is to validate users to the networks, it also provides a catalogue of Active Directory Objects.
16. What information is required when TCP/IP is configured on Window Server?
To configure a TCP/PI client for an IPv4 client, you have to provide the IP address and the subnet mask.
17. Explain what does it mean caching only server in terms of DNS?
The caching only DNS server provides information related to queries based on the data it contains in its DNS cache.
18. Explain what is the way to configure the DHCP server such that it allocates the same IP address to certain devices each time the address is removed?
To configure the DHCP server with same ip address we have to do reservation Configuration. To create a reservation, you must know the MAC hardware address of the device. To determine the MAC address for a network device you can use the ipconfig command.
19. Explain what is LDAP?
To look up for the information from the server, e-mail and another program follows or uses the internet protocol. This protocol is referred as LDAP or Lightweight Directory Access Protocol.
20. Explain what is SYSVOL folder?
It is a set of files and folders that is stored on the local hard disk of each domain controller in a domain and are replicated by the FRS ( File Replication Service).
These files contain group or user policy information.
21. Explain what is the difference between a thread and a computer process?
Thread: A thread is a several executable program that work together as a single process.
Computer Process: A process is an instance of a computer program that is executed sequentially by a computer system which can run several computer programs concurrently.
22. Explain what is INODE?
INODE is a pointer to a block on the disk, and it is unique.
In simple words, it is a unique number allocated to a file in UNIX-like OS.
23. Explain what is RAID in Windows Server?
RAID stands for Redundant Array of independent disk . It is a strategy for building fault tolerance and to increase the storage capacity.
24. Explain what is the purpose of deploying local DNS servers?
A local DNS server provides the local mapping of fully qualified domain names to IP addresses.
To resolve remote requests related to the domains names on your network, local DNS servers can provide record information to remote DNS servers.
25. To check TCP/IP configurations and IP connectivity, what are the two command line utilities that can be used?
Ping: To check the connection between the local computer and any of the other computer device on the network Ping command is used
Ipconfig: To check the computer’s IP configuration.
26. is it possible to connect Active Directory to other 3rd party Directory services?
Yes, you can connect other vendors directory services with Microsoft version. By using dirXML or LDAP to connect to other directories.
27. Explain where is the AD database is held?
AD database is saved in %systemroot%/ntds. Files that controls the AD structure are
· ntds.dit
· edb.log
· res1.log
· res2.log
· edn.chk
28. Explain what is the major difference between NTFS or FAT on a local server?
For local users FAT (File Allocation Table) and FAT32 provides security, while NTFS ( New Technology File System) provides security for domain users as well as local users.
NTFS provides file level security which is not possible through FAT32.
29. Mention what windows server 2008 service is used to install client operating system over the network?
WDE ( Windows Deployment Services ) allows you to install client and server operating systems over the network to any computer with a PXE enabled network interface
30. What is the Global Catalog?
Ans.: Global Catalog is a server which maintains the information about multiple domain with trust relationship agreement..
31. What is Garbage collection?
A: Garbage collection is the online defragmentation of the Active Directory which happens every 12 hours.
Monday, 26 June 2017
Top 10 advanced ftp interview questions
Top 10 advanced ftp interview questions
Q:1 Which Users tare not allowed to login via ftp ?
Ans: Users mentioned in the file ‘/etc/vsftpd/ftpusers’ are not allowed to login via ftp.
Q:2 How to disable standard ftpd xferlog log format and enable default vsftpd log ?
Ans : Edit the file ‘ /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf’ & make the below changes:
xferlog_std_format=NO
log_ftp_protocol=YES
The default vsftpd log file is /var/log/vsftpd.log
Q:3 How do we integrate with LDAP users and login?
A) Use vsftpd’s( Very Secure FTPD) PAM(Pluggable Authentication Modules) integration to do this, and have PAM authenticate against an LDAP repository.
Q:4 How to restrict different users with different permissions in vsftpd
A) By setting up “user_config_dir” entry in “vsftpd.conf”.
Q:5 How to change vsftpd default port?
A) By setting “listen_port” directive in “vsftpd.conf”
Q:6 How to disable certain FTP commands?
A) There are some individual settings (e.g. dirlist_enable) or you can specify a complete set of allowed commands with “cmds_allowed”.
Q:7 What is default directory for ftp (OR) Anonymous user ?
Ans : /var/ftp is the default directory for ftp or Anonymous user
Q:8 How to change the default directory for ftp (OR) Anonymous user ?
Ans: Edit the file ‘/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf’ and change the below directive :
anon_root=/
Restart the service
service vsftpd restart
Q:9 How to disable Anonymous user in vsftpd ?
Ans: Edit the conf file ‘/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf’ and change below directive and restart the ftp service.
anonymous_enable=NO
Q:10 What is chroot environment in ftp server ?
Ans: chroot environment prevents the user from leaving its home directory means jail like environment where users are limited to their home directory only. It is the addon security of ftp server.
Q:1 Which Users tare not allowed to login via ftp ?
Ans: Users mentioned in the file ‘/etc/vsftpd/ftpusers’ are not allowed to login via ftp.
Q:2 How to disable standard ftpd xferlog log format and enable default vsftpd log ?
Ans : Edit the file ‘ /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf’ & make the below changes:
xferlog_std_format=NO
log_ftp_protocol=YES
The default vsftpd log file is /var/log/vsftpd.log
Q:3 How do we integrate with LDAP users and login?
A) Use vsftpd’s( Very Secure FTPD) PAM(Pluggable Authentication Modules) integration to do this, and have PAM authenticate against an LDAP repository.
Q:4 How to restrict different users with different permissions in vsftpd
A) By setting up “user_config_dir” entry in “vsftpd.conf”.
Q:5 How to change vsftpd default port?
A) By setting “listen_port” directive in “vsftpd.conf”
Q:6 How to disable certain FTP commands?
A) There are some individual settings (e.g. dirlist_enable) or you can specify a complete set of allowed commands with “cmds_allowed”.
Q:7 What is default directory for ftp (OR) Anonymous user ?
Ans : /var/ftp is the default directory for ftp or Anonymous user
Q:8 How to change the default directory for ftp (OR) Anonymous user ?
Ans: Edit the file ‘/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf’ and change the below directive :
anon_root=/
Restart the service
service vsftpd restart
Q:9 How to disable Anonymous user in vsftpd ?
Ans: Edit the conf file ‘/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf’ and change below directive and restart the ftp service.
anonymous_enable=NO
Q:10 What is chroot environment in ftp server ?
Ans: chroot environment prevents the user from leaving its home directory means jail like environment where users are limited to their home directory only. It is the addon security of ftp server.
Linux FTP (vsftpd) Interview Questions & Answers
Q:1 What does VSFTPD Stands for ?
Ans: VSFTPD stands for Very Secure FTP Daemon.
Q:2 What are the defaults ports used in linux ftp server ?
Ans: Port 20 – This is the data transfer port. All the all subsequent data transfers between the client and server are done using this port.
Port 21 – On this port control connection is established.
Q:3 What are most common features of vsftpd ?
Ans:some of the Common Features are listed below :
Virtual IP configurations
Virtual users
Bandwidth throttling
Per-source-IP configurability
Per-source-IP limits
IPv6
Encryption support through SSL integration
Standalone or inetd operation
Powerful per-user configurability
4).What is the difference between TFTP and FTP servers?
A) Both are file transfer servers but slight difference is TFTP server uses UDP protocol and FTP uses TCP protocol. TFTP is good for slow connection paths.A) Both are file transfer servers but slight difference is TFTP server uses UDP protocol and FTP uses TCP protocol. TFTP is good for slow connection paths.
5) What is the port no for TFTP?
A) 69.
6) How to restrict users to their home directories?
A) By setting up “chroot_local_user=YES”.
7) How to restrict total number of users accessing FTP server?
A) If you run vsftpd in “standalone” mode with the “setting listen=YES”, then
you can investigate the setting (e.g.) : “max_clients=10”
8) I want to copy multiple files without prompting for any info, how can I do that one?
A) Simply do “ftp -i ftpserver” this command will suppress any info displayed on ftp server.
or you can just type prompt ftp prompt to suppress info messages have a look here.
Q:9 What is the configuration file of vsftpd ?
Ans: ‘/etc/vsftp/vsftpd.conf’
Q:10 How to restart the service of ftp server in linux ?
Ans: Service vsftpd restart or /etc/init.d/vsftpd restart
Q:11 Which Users tare not allowed to login via ftp ?
Ans: Users mentioned in the file ‘/etc/vsftpd/ftpusers’ are not allowed to login via ftp.
Q:12 How to disable standard ftpd xferlog log format and enable default vsftpd log ?
Ans : Edit the file ‘ /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf’ & make the below changes:
xferlog_std_format=NO
log_ftp_protocol=YES
The default vsftpd log file is /var/log/vsftpd.log
Q:13 How do we integrate with LDAP users and login?
A) Use vsftpd’s( Very Secure FTPD) PAM(Pluggable Authentication Modules) integration to do this, and have PAM authenticate against an LDAP repository.
Q:14 How to restrict different users with different permissions in vsftpd
A) By setting up “user_config_dir” entry in “vsftpd.conf”.
Q:15 How to change vsftpd default port?
A) By setting “listen_port” directive in “vsftpd.conf”
Q:16 How to disable certain FTP commands?
A) There are some individual settings (e.g. dirlist_enable) or you can specify a complete set of allowed commands with “cmds_allowed”.
Q:17 What is default directory for ftp (OR) Anonymous user ?
Ans : /var/ftp is the default directory for ftp or Anonymous user
Q:18 How to change the default directory for ftp (OR) Anonymous user ?
Ans: Edit the file ‘/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf’ and change the below directive :
anon_root=/
Restart the service
service vsftpd restart
Q:19 How to disable Anonymous user in vsftpd ?
Ans: Edit the conf file ‘/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf’ and change below directive and restart the ftp service.
anonymous_enable=NO
Q:20 What is chroot environment in ftp server ?
Ans: chroot environment prevents the user from leaving its home directory means jail like environment where users are limited to their home directory only. It is the addon security of ftp server.
Q:21 How to set ftp banner in linux ?
Ans: Open the file ‘/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf’ and set the below directive :
ftpd_banner= “Enter New Banner Here”
Q:22 How to enable chroot environment in vsftpd server ?
Ans : To enable chroot environment edit the file ‘/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf’ and enable the below directives :
chroot_list_enable=YES
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
The chroot_list_file variable specifies the file which contains users that are chroot.
Q:23 How to enable only limited/allowed users are able to login via ftp ?
Ans: This can be done by editing the file ‘/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf’ and add the below directives :
userlist_enable=YES
userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd.user_list
userlist_deny=NO
The file specified by userlist_file will now contain users that are able to login.
Q:24 How To limit the data transfer rate, number of clients & connections per IP for local users ?
Ans: Edit the ftp server’s config file(/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf) and set the below directives :
local_max_rate=1000000 # Maximum data transfer rate in bytes per second
max_per_ip=2 # Maximum connections per IP
Q:25 Does vsftpd support IPv6?
A) Yes, as of “version 1.2.0”.
max_clients=50 # Maximum number of clients that may be connected
